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Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 74(1): e699, ene.-abr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408898

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se estima que en 2019 vivían 38 millones de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), para quienes es fundamental el tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR); sin embargo, no siempre funciona. El fracaso terapéutico del TAR sucede cuando existe una progresión de la enfermedad en parámetros clínicos, virológicos o inmunológicos con un peor pronóstico. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al fracaso terapéutico del TAR en personas viviendo con VIH. Métodos: Se siguieron los lineamientos para revisiones sistemáticas de PRISMA-SCR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews), modificados por Tricco y otros. Los artículos sobre el fracaso terapéutico en población adulta en primera línea de TAR se hallaron en PubMed y la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Información, análisis y síntesis: La definición de fracaso terapéutico utilizada en ocho artículos corresponde con los criterios de la OMS; el resto emplea el criterio virológico con distintos puntos de corte. Se describen factores asociados con el fracaso terapéutico con significación estadística, agrupados en factores sociodemográficos (sexo, edad, edad inicio del TAR, compartir estatus de VIH, empleo de drogas inyectables y nivel educativo) y factores clínicos (niveles de linfocitos T CD4+ al inicio del TAR, nivel de adherencia, cambio de régimen, estadio de la OMS al inicio del TAR y coinfección por tuberculosis). Conclusiones: Dos factores fundamentales en el fracaso terapéutico son los sociodemográficos y los clínicos que dependen de la accesibilidad al tratamiento, el sistema de salud y las características intrínsecas de los individuos, incluyendo las conductas en relación con su enfermedad(AU)


Introduction: It is estimated that by 2019 there are 38 million people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), for whom antiretroviral treatment is essential. Treatment failure occurs when there is a progression of the disease in clinical, virological, or immunological parameters that lead to a change in treatment and a worse prognosis of the disease. The objective of this panoramic review is to answer the following question: What are the factors associated with the therapeutic failure of antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV? Methods: A panoramic review was carried out following the guidelines for systematic reviews suggested by PRISMA-SCR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes extension for Scoping Reviews) and modified by Tricco et al. The articles on therapeutic failure in the adult population on the first line of ART were rescued from PubMed and the Virtual Health Library (VHL). The search was limited to a period from 2010 to 2020 and articles whose population was children or pregnant women and articles not available in English or Spanish were excluded. Information, Analysis and Synthesis: The definition of therapeutic failure used corresponds to the WHO criteria in eight articles, while the rest use the virological criterion in variable reference points. Regarding the factors associated with treatment failure, those with statistical significance grouped into sociodemographic factors (sex, age, age of ART onset, shared HIV status, injection drug use, and educational level) and clinical factors (T CD4+ levels are described at the start of ART, level of adherence, change of regimen, WHO stage at the start of ART, and tuberculosis coinfection). Conclusions: Two fundamental factors in therapeutic failure are sociodemographic and clinical, which in turn depend on accessibility to treatment, the health system and intrinsic characteristics of the individuals and the behaviors they adopt in relation to their disease(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female
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